Ancient literature refers to the written works composed by various civilizations and cultures in the ancient world, dating back to antiquity. This includes written works from ancient civilizations such as Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome, and others. These works encompass a wide range of genres, including epic poetry, drama, philosophy, history, and religious texts. Notable examples of ancient literature include the Epic of Gilgamesh, the Iliad and the Odyssey, the Aeneid, and the writings of Confucius and Plato. Studying ancient literature provides insights into the beliefs, values, and cultural practices of ancient societies, as well as the literary techniques and influences that have shaped literature throughout history. Scholars analyze these texts to better understand the past and to explore universal themes and ideas that continue to resonate in modern society.